Some advanced economies, such as Japan, South Korea and North America, are barely affected, whereas highly populated developing regions, such as China and south Asia (including India), may undergo welfare losses much higher than the global average. Welfare losses strongly differ from one region to another. The global welfare reduction with respect to a scenario without climate change is projected to reach at least 0.27%, 0.40% and 0.53% at 1.5, 2 and 3☌ warming, respectively. The increase in direct flood damages leads to welfare losses for all regions at all warming levels. Direct damagesĪt present, the scientists estimate global direct river flood damages to be €110 billion per year on average, the same order of magnitude as previous global studies. The three levels of global warming would increase this damage by 160% - 240% (1.5☌), 320% - 520% (2☌), and 620% - 1,000% (3☌), respectively. ![]() For 2☌ global warming an increase by 103% - 134% (11,500 - 13,300 casualties) is estimated. Under 1.5☌ global warming this mortality would increase by 70% - 83% (9,700 - 10,400 casualties). In the current climate, global river flood mortality is nearly 5,700 fatalities per year. ![]() Global flood mortality shows a more pronounced rise with warming. These ranges reflect the outcomes of the two scenarios of socioeconomic growth. At 3☌ warming, the increase would be 120% to 188%. This number would increase by 50% to 60% if the ambitious mitigation target of 1.5☌ is reached, and by 76% to 102% in a 2☌ warmer world. Population exposed to floodingĪt present (reference period (1976-2005 ), each year about 58 million people are exposed to river flooding globally. According to the authors, their results ‘offer the most complete picture of the consequences of floods on society’. The estimates are based on two scenarios of socioeconomic growth. Current vulnerability levels were kept constant, and no future adaptation was assumed, since it is practically impossible to estimate how progress on adaptation will take place in different parts of the world. In this study, population exposed to flooding, numbers of casualties, direct economic damage, and subsequent indirect impacts (welfare losses) have been estimated under a range of temperature (1.5☌, 2☌ and 3☌ global warming) and socio-economic scenarios. A recent study published in Nature Climate Change fills the gap. Global estimates on loss of human lives, and projections of economic damage that also include indirect economic effects (welfare losses) are still scarce, however. Expanding in size with the number of members in your town, create a powerful town where you can be safe from other players during WarTime.Future projections of the impact of climate change on river flooding at a global scale often focus on changes in vulnerability or exposure, and in direct economic damage. Wether it be a town you have created of joined, the only limit to your town is your imagination. These include a custom Mob Arena with difficult bosses, a spleef area, where the best§ players can earn money off beating others, and well as a unique PvP arena where you can battle players to your hearts content! Want to play some Minecraft but don't have long? Well, along with the main KingdomCraft gameplay experience, there is the option of joining one of the several arenas set up in the spawn. Start off as a basic villager with no items, and work your way up the mcMMO rankings, levelling your skills to defeat your biggest enemies. Using Towny and iConomy, this combination allows for great gameplay, and with additional great features such as a fully functional Mob Arena, PvP Arena and Spleef Arena, you are sure to enjoy your time on KingdomCraft. To top off the Epic Custom Map there are some awesome plugins which power the server. With deep ravines, desert mountains, huge mountain ranges, by not using the usual method of map generation we were able to create a truly awesome map for you and your friends to play in. Hand-Crafted over several days, the map takes the experience of Minecraft to the next level. ![]() The custom made map has an amazing diverse landscape, from mountains reminiscent of those in Skyrim, to the vast rain forests that take days to cross. The landscape in KingdomCraft can be found nowhere else. Wether you want to focus on building a great looking town, or concentrate on your combat skills to defeat the strongest players, KingdomCraft is the place to do it! KingdomCraft Would Love to Have You Join our Amazing Community! Starting at the bottom, work your way up the ranks, create a town, forge a nation and defeat your enemies.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |